New prison high in the USA numbers
More than 100 adults in the USA is in prison or jail, an all-time high Governments It costs nearly $ 50 billion per year by the federal government over $ 5 billion, according to a report published yesterday.
With more than 2.3 million people behind bars, the USA leads the world in the number and percentage share of the population, it incarcerates, so much more-populous China a distant second, according to a study of the independent Pew Center USA.
Population growth is in prison, more importantly, harder because the state and federal conviction imposed since the mid 1980. Minorities are particularly affected: black men in nine age groups 20 to 34 years is behind bars. For black women ages 35 to 39, which is a number to 100, compared to one in 355 for white women in the same age group.
The report compiled and analyzed data from several sources, including the Federal Bureau of Justice Statistics and the Bureau of Prisons, and each state department of corrections. It did not for people in immigration detention noncriminal injuries.
Although studies of the rule noted that the detention of offenders and reducing crime, the effect may be less influential than changes in the unemployment rate, wages, the proportion of police officers inhabitants and the proportion of young people in the population, report co-author said Adam yellow.
Furthermore, when it comes to the prevention of non-violent offences review criminals - represent about half the population in detention - cheaper than penalties of a Community monitoring, electronic surveillance and mandatory consultation of the drug could have as much or more effective than prison.
For example, Florida, which has almost doubled its prison population in the last 15 years, a small drop in crime in New York, after an increase of short duration, the number of detainees under the 1993 level.
“There is no doubt that Putting violent and chronic offenders behind bars lowers the rate of crime and punishment, well deserved,” said the yellow, as director of the Center’s Public Safety Performance advises states on the draft development of alternatives to incarceration. “On the other hand, there are a large number of people behind bars, under the supervision of the common security and effectively to a much lower cost - and, at the same time pay taxes on their restitution to the victim and paying the child. ”
The sociologist James Q. Wilson, in the years 1980, contributed to the “broken windows” theory that small crimes must be punished for the heaviest of agreed that, for certain rate of drug crimes has been too long. But Wilson agree that increasing the prison population of the USA should be regarded as a place to worry: “The fact that we have a large population of the prison itself is not a central problem Because he contributed to the extraordinary increase of public safety we had in this country. ”
More than 91 percent of adults are held by the State or local level. And the report also documents governments Tradeoffs devote himself because a greater share of their budgets at home. For example, during the last two decades, corrections public expenditure (excluding inflation) to 127 percent, spending on higher education has increased 21 per cent.
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